Sources

Sources are listed by part. The numbers beside each source are the cards in that part that cite it.

0Intro

1Palestinian prisoners’ organizations — Three Years of Genocide · Oct. 6, 2026ppsmo.ps/home/studies/18507

1Palestinian prisoners’ organizations — The same paper, in Arabic · Oct. 6, 2026ppsmo.ps/home/studies/18506

1Raya — The organizations’ full statement (in Arabic) · Oct. 6, 2026raya.ps/news/1226373.html

1An-Najah News — The same statement (in Arabic) · Oct. 6, 2026nn.najah.edu/news/Palestine/2026/10/06/570856/

2HaMoked (Israel Prison Service figures) — Prisoners’ figures · October 2026hamoked.org/prisoners-charts.php

2WAFA, citing the prisoners’ organizations — Prewar figures · Oct. 8, 2025english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/163169

2TIME, citing HaMoked — Figures for November 2023 · Nov. 23, 2023time.com/6339277/palestinian-prisoners-israel-hamas-hostage-deal/

2The Jerusalem Post, citing HaMoked — 11,040 prisoners, 3,577 of them in administrative detention · Sept. 1, 2025jpost.com/israel-news/article-866007

2B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of Z.A. · August 2024btselem.org/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell/testimony_of_z_a

3Ynetnews — How the IDF cracks down on online incitement · Jan. 29, 2025ynetnews.com/article/hjdh00yooyx

3Ynet — The same report (in Hebrew) · Jan. 29, 2025ynet.co.il/news/article/yokra14239922

3Palestinian prisoners’ organizations — Three Years of Genocide: the passage on “incitement” · Oct. 6, 2026ppsmo.ps/home/studies/18507

4HaMoked — Position Paper: Enforced Disappearances of Gaza Residents in Detention · May 11, 2026hamoked.org/document.php?dID=Documents5282

Association for Civil Rights in Israel — Detaining prisoners in overcrowded conditions without beds during a state of emergency in detention · Sept. 24, 2026english.acri.org.il/post/detaining-prisoners-in-overcrowded-conditions-without-beds-during-a-state-of-emergency-in-detention

Association for Civil Rights in Israel — The Supreme Court rules: prisoners cannot be starved · Sept. 11, 2025english.acri.org.il/post/the-supreme-court-rules-prisoners-cannot-be-starved

Al-Muqaddasi — The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions, p. 440 (Shamela edition, in Arabic) · 10th centuryshamela.ws/book/23696/441

The Quran — Surah Ar-Ra’d 13:24, translation by al-Hilali and KhanNo link available

1Part 1A day in an Israeli prison

1The Times of Israel — The Public Defender’s reports on the prisons, and the response of the Megiddo and Ramon commanders · Jan. 21, 2026timesofisrael.com/palestinians-in-israeli-jails-face-conditions-unfit-for-human-beings-state-agency-says/

1Ha-Makom — The Public Defender’s report on detention conditions, 2023–2024 (in Hebrew) · Dec. 5, 2025ha-makom.co.il/public-defender-prison-report/

1Israel Prison Service — Ganot prison: Nafha and Ramon (in Hebrew)gov.il/he/departments/units/unit_ramon

2B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell” (English report, PDF) · August 2024btselem.org/sites/default/files/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell_eng.pdf

2B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell” (testimonies of S.B. and Thaer Halahleh, in Arabic) · August 2024btselem.org/arabic/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell

3+972 Magazine — Interview with Ali Al-Samoudi · June 1, 2026972mag.com/palestinian-journalists-cemeteries-for-the-living/

3B’Tselem — “Living Hell,” testimony of J.M., Nov. 9, 2025 (in Arabic) · January 2026btselem.org/arabic/publications/202601_living_hell/j_m

4B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell” (testimonies of Muhammad Salah, Thaer Halahleh and Musa ’Aasi) · August 2024btselem.org/sites/default/files/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell_eng.pdf

4Reuters via The Times of Israel — The Israel Prison Service’s response to B’Tselem’s report · Aug. 6, 2024timesofisrael.com/btselem-alleges-israeli-policy-of-abuse-torture-of-palestinian-prisoners/

5B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell” (testimonies of Muhammad Salah and S.B.) · August 2024btselem.org/sites/default/files/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell_eng.pdf

5The Times of Israel, citing Ynet — Four minutes to shower · Feb. 14, 2023No link available

6B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of Z.A. · August 2024btselem.org/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell/testimony_of_z_a

6Ha-Makom — The Public Defender: 3,200 “security” prisoners and 1,300 criminal prisoners on mattresses (in Hebrew) · Dec. 5, 2025ha-makom.co.il/public-defender-prison-report/

6Ynet — The Public Defender’s report (in Hebrew) · Dec. 4, 2025ynet.co.il/news/article/hjft11jczzl

6+972 Magazine — Ali Al-Samoudi: six beds for 10 prisoners · June 1, 2026972mag.com/palestinian-journalists-cemeteries-for-the-living/

7An-Najah News — Interview with Abdullah Zaghari, head of the Palestinian Prisoners’ Society (in Arabic) · Sept. 27, 2026nn.najah.edu/news/Special/2026/09/27/570022/

8The Times of Israel — The Knesset passes the “incarceration emergency” · Oct. 18, 2023timesofisrael.com/knesset-approves-wartime-prison-crowding-among-other-emergency-measures/

8Channel 14 — The incarceration emergency extended to Oct. 15, 2026 (in Hebrew) · Sept. 16, 2026c14.co.il/article/1703958

8Association for Civil Rights in Israel — Detaining prisoners in overcrowded conditions without beds during a state of emergency in detention · Sept. 24, 2026english.acri.org.il/post/detaining-prisoners-in-overcrowded-conditions-without-beds-during-a-state-of-emergency-in-detention

9The Times of Israel — The Public Defender: more than 90% in less than 3 square meters · Dec. 6, 2025timesofisrael.com/public-defender-reports-palestinian-inmates-suffering-severe-hunger-in-israeli-jails/

9Ynet — “One of the harshest detention crises the state has known” (in Hebrew) · Dec. 4, 2025ynet.co.il/news/article/hjft11jczzl

9Ha-Makom — Megiddo: 12 prisoners in 23 square meters (in Hebrew) · Dec. 5, 2025ha-makom.co.il/public-defender-prison-report/

9Association for Civil Rights in Israel — About 90% as of Aug. 31, 2026 · Sept. 24, 2026english.acri.org.il/post/detaining-prisoners-in-overcrowded-conditions-without-beds-during-a-state-of-emergency-in-detention

2Part 2How many are held, and where

1, 2HaMoked (Israel Prison Service figures) — Prisoners’ figures · October 2026hamoked.org/prisoners-charts.php

1The Times of Israel — 5,192 “security” prisoners on Oct. 1, 2023 · July 29, 2025timesofisrael.com/scabies-outbreak-plagues-prisons-as-number-of-security-inmates-hits-new-high/

1The Jerusalem Post, citing HaMoked — 11,040 prisoners, the most Israel has ever held · Sept. 1, 2025jpost.com/israel-news/article-866007

1TIME, citing HaMoked — Figures for November 2023 · Nov. 23, 2023time.com/6339277/palestinian-prisoners-israel-hamas-hostage-deal/

2The Jerusalem Post — The High Court’s conditional order on Gaza detainees · June 18, 2026jpost.com/israel-news/article-899877

3Ha-Makom — The Public Defender’s report: prison capacity (in Hebrew) · Dec. 5, 2025ha-makom.co.il/public-defender-prison-report/

3Israel’s National Security Ministry, via Channel 14 — 23,049 prisoners (in Hebrew) · Sept. 16, 2026c14.co.il/article/1703958

3The Times of Israel — Prison capacity before the war and at the end of 2024 · Dec. 6, 2025timesofisrael.com/public-defender-reports-palestinian-inmates-suffering-severe-hunger-in-israeli-jails/

4Israel’s Public Defender’s Office, via Ynet — Ketziot at twice its capacity (in Hebrew) · Dec. 4, 2025ynet.co.il/news/article/hjft11jczzl

4Ha-Makom — Occupancy at about 200% (in Hebrew) · Dec. 5, 2025ha-makom.co.il/public-defender-prison-report/

4Physicians for Human Rights–Israel (PHRI), via +972 Magazine — New data reveals 98 Palestinian deaths in Israeli custody since October 7 · Nov. 17, 2025972mag.com/98-palestinian-deaths-israeli-custody-prison-torture/

4B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of Z.A. · August 2024btselem.org/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell/testimony_of_z_a

5Israel Prison Service, via The Times of Israel — Scabies outbreak plagues prisons · July 29, 2025timesofisrael.com/scabies-outbreak-plagues-prisons-as-number-of-security-inmates-hits-new-high/

5The Times of Israel — The Public Defender: scabies an “epidemic” · Dec. 6, 2025timesofisrael.com/public-defender-reports-palestinian-inmates-suffering-severe-hunger-in-israeli-jails/

6HaMoked — Sde Teiman: petition 4268/24 and the ruling (in Hebrew) · Sept. 19, 2024hamoked.org.il/document.php?dID=Updates2418

7The Guardian, with official data obtained by the Public Committee Against Torture in Israel (PCATI) — The underground Rakefet wing · Nov. 8, 2025theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/08/israel-underground-jail-rakefet-palestinians-gaza-detainees

7Kan, Israel’s public broadcaster — The Rakefet wing in Ayalon prison (in Hebrew) · July 21, 2025kan.org.il/content/kan-news/defense/933504/

8The Guardian — Rakefet: underground · Nov. 8, 2025theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/08/israel-underground-jail-rakefet-palestinians-gaza-detainees

3Part 3Food in Israeli prisons

1Israel’s Public Defender’s Office, via Ynet — The report on detention conditions, 2023–2024 (in Hebrew) · Dec. 4, 2025ynet.co.il/news/article/hjft11jczzl

1Israel’s Public Defender’s Office, via The Times of Israel — Public defender reports Palestinian inmates suffering ‘severe hunger’ in Israeli jails · Dec. 6, 2025timesofisrael.com/public-defender-reports-palestinian-inmates-suffering-severe-hunger-in-israeli-jails/

2Reuters, via Arab News — Israeli court ordered prisons to give Palestinian detainees more food. They are still hungry · Feb. 11, 2026arabnews.com/node/2632670/middle-east

2, 8, 10Haaretz (Hagar Shezaf and Nir Hasson) — Thousands are held in Israeli torture camps (in Hebrew) · Oct. 8, 2026haaretz.co.il/magazine/2026-10-08/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/000001a1-15a0-d28a-a3a5-d7fbaf1f0000

2+972 Magazine — Cemeteries for the living · June 1, 2026972mag.com/palestinian-journalists-cemeteries-for-the-living/

3Reuters, via Arab News — The Israel Prison Service’s response on Samer Khawaireh · Feb. 11, 2026arabnews.com/node/2632670/middle-east

4Maariv (Anna Barsky) — Ben Gvir’s written position in the prisoners’ food case (in Hebrew) · June 26, 2024maariv.co.il/news/politics/article-1110249

4Association for Civil Rights in Israel — The petition over prisoners’ foodenglish.acri.org.il/post/end-the-policy-of-starving-security-prisoners

5B’Tselem — “Living Hell,” testimony of Nassim a-Radi’ · January 2026btselem.org/publications/202601_living_hell/testimony_of_nassim_a_radi

5B’Tselem — “Living Hell,” testimony of Ibrahim Fuda · January 2026btselem.org/publications/202601_living_hell/testimony_of_ibrahim_fuda

5B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of Thaer Halahleh · August 2024btselem.org/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell/testimony_of_thaer_halahla

6Israel Hayom — Uproar at the High Court hearing on detention conditions, with Ben Gvir present (in Hebrew) · July 17, 2025israelhayom.co.il/news/politics/article/18433475

7Israel’s High Court, via The Times of Israel — High Court rules state not giving Palestinian prisoners enough food, in slap to Ben Gvir · Sept. 7, 2025timesofisrael.com/high-court-rules-state-failed-its-duty-to-feed-palestinian-prisoners-in-slap-to-ben-gvir/

7Israel’s High Court, via the Association for Civil Rights in Israel — The Supreme Court rules: prisoners cannot be starved · Sept. 11, 2025english.acri.org.il/post/the-supreme-court-rules-prisoners-cannot-be-starved

7Arutz Sheva — Justice Barak-Erez on providing food (in Hebrew) · Sept. 7, 2025inn.co.il/news/678246

8Arutz Sheva — Ben Gvir’s words on the day of the ruling (in Hebrew) · Sept. 7, 2025inn.co.il/news/678246

9Haaretz (Chen Maanit) — Despite Ruling by Israel’s Top Court, Palestinian Security Prisoners Say They Are Still Underfed · Nov. 26, 2025 (in Hebrew, Nov. 25, 2025)haaretz.com/israel-news/2025-11-26/ty-article/.premium/despite-ruling-by-top-court-palestinian-security-prisoners-say-they-are-still-underfed/0000019a-bd46-db55-a7bb-fdd69f9c0000

9Haaretz (Chen Maanit) — The High Court to the government: the Prison Service must provide enough food to all security prisoners, not only the underweight (in Hebrew) · March 28, 2026haaretz.co.il/news/law/2026-03-28/ty-article/.premium/0000019d-2fef-d77a-a7ff-ffefafdf0000

9Arutz Sheva — The High Court’s decision on the contempt motion (in Hebrew) · April 23, 2026inn.co.il/news/695256

10Haaretz — Thousands Are Held in Israeli Torture Camps. This Is What Happens Inside · Oct. 8, 2026haaretz.com/israel-news/israel-security/2026-10-08/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/thousands-are-held-in-israeli-torture-camps-this-is-what-happens-inside/000001a1-1bf9-d3ad-a3b7-bffd7ed30000

4Part 4Confiscated and denied in Israeli prisons

1+972 Magazine — Interview with Ali Al-Samoudi · June 1, 2026972mag.com/palestinian-journalists-cemeteries-for-the-living/

1Haaretz (Hagar Shezaf and Nir Hasson) — Thousands are held in Israeli torture camps (in Hebrew) · Oct. 8, 2026haaretz.co.il/magazine/2026-10-08/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/000001a1-15a0-d28a-a3a5-d7fbaf1f0000

2B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of S.B. (in Arabic) · August 2024btselem.org/arabic/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell/testimony_of_s_b

2, 3, 4B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of S.B. · August 2024btselem.org/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell/testimony_of_s_b

2, 4An-Najah News — Interview with Abdullah Zaghari, head of the Palestinian Prisoners’ Society (in Arabic) · Sept. 27, 2026nn.najah.edu/news/Special/2026/09/27/570022/

3Israel Hayom (Itzik Saban) — “Security” prisoners on “lockdown” (in Hebrew) · Oct. 10, 2023israelhayom.co.il/news/defense/article/14694292

3HaMoked — The ban on family visits (in Hebrew) · Jan. 16, 2026hamoked.org.il/document.php?dID=Updates2522

4B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of Thaer Halahleh (in Arabic) · August 2024btselem.org/arabic/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell/testimony_of_thaer_halahla

4, 5B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of Thaer Halahleh · August 2024btselem.org/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell/testimony_of_thaer_halahla

4Maariv (Anna Barsky) — The national security minister’s written position (in Hebrew) · June 26, 2024maariv.co.il/news/politics/article-1110249

4The Jerusalem Post — Ben Gvir orders pita bakeries closed in Ramon and Ketziot prisons · Feb. 1, 2023No link available

4The Times of Israel, citing Ynet — Security prisoners to be allotted four minutes to wash · Feb. 14, 2023No link available

5Maariv (Anna Barsky) — The national security minister’s written position in the case over prisoners’ food (in Hebrew) · June 26, 2024maariv.co.il/news/politics/article-1110249

6B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of Z.A. (in Arabic) · August 2024btselem.org/arabic/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell/testimony_of_z_a

6B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of Z.A. · August 2024btselem.org/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell/testimony_of_z_a

7Reuters via The Times of Israel (with the Israeli army’s response to The Guardian) — The Israel Prison Service’s response to B’Tselem’s report · Aug. 6, 2024timesofisrael.com/btselem-alleges-israeli-policy-of-abuse-torture-of-palestinian-prisoners/

7Reuters via BusinessDay — The same Reuters report · Aug. 6, 2024businessday.co.za/bd/world/middle-east/2024-08-06-israeli-rights-group-says-palestinian-prisoners-subject-to-systematic-abuse/

5Part 5Children, women and the sick in Israeli prisons

1Palestinian prisoners’ organizations, via WAFA (English) — Number of Palestinian detainees in Israeli custody surpasses 11,100 · Oct. 8, 2025english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/163169

1Palestinian prisoners’ organizations, via Addameer — Update on prisoner numbers through early September 2026 (in Arabic) · Sept. 16, 2026addameer.ps/ar/news/5745

1Palestinian prisoners’ organizations (al-Bireh news conference), via An-Najah News — Prisoners’ organizations: 92 martyrs among the prisoners in three years (in Arabic) · Oct. 6, 2026nn.najah.edu/news/Palestine/2026/10/06/570856/

1Palestinian Prisoners’ Society — Home page (in Arabic) · Oct. 10, 2026ppsmo.ps

1+972 Magazine, citing B’Tselem — Jared Hillel on Palestinian children in Israeli prisons · Sept. 30, 2026972mag.com/palestinian-children-prisoners-israeli-jail/

2Commission of Detainees’ Affairs and Palestinian Prisoners’ Society, via Arabi21 — The death of Walid Ahmad in Megiddo prison (in Arabic) · March 24, 2025arabi21.com/story/1670180

2Commission of Detainees’ Affairs and Palestinian Prisoners’ Society, via WAFA — The original statement (in Arabic) · March 24, 2025wafa.ps/Pages/Details/117591

2Commission of Detainees’ Affairs and Palestinian Prisoners’ Society, via Palestine TV — Israeli court closes the investigation into the death of child prisoner Walid Ahmad in Megiddo prison (in Arabic) · Dec. 17, 2025pbc.ps/7542-51/

2Commission of Detainees’ Affairs and Palestinian Prisoners’ Society, via WAFA — The same report (in Arabic) · Dec. 17, 2025wafa.ps/Pages/Details/137952

2, 3+972 Magazine — Jared Hillel on Palestinian children in Israeli prisons · Sept. 30, 2026972mag.com/palestinian-children-prisoners-israeli-jail/

2Abdel Nasser Farawneh, via Akhbar El-Yom (Egypt) — Children among the martyrs of the prisoners’ movement (in Arabic) · April 5, 2026akhbarelyom.com/news/newdetails/4800039

3Israel’s Public Defender’s Office, via Ha-Makom — Report on detention conditions, 2023–2024 (in Hebrew) · Dec. 5, 2025ha-makom.co.il/public-defender-prison-report/

3Israel’s Public Defender’s Office, via The Times of Israel — The Public Defender’s report on hunger in the prisons · Dec. 6, 2025timesofisrael.com/public-defender-reports-palestinian-inmates-suffering-severe-hunger-in-israeli-jails/

3Israel’s Public Defender’s Office, via Ynet — The Public Defender’s report (in Hebrew) · Dec. 4, 2025ynet.co.il/news/article/hjft11jczzl

4U.N. experts — Communication to Israel on Amendment No. 25 to the Youth Law (OL ISR 7/2025) · May 1, 2025spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=29891

4The Times of Israel — Despite constitutional concerns, Knesset passes law on deporting terrorists’ relatives · Nov. 7, 2024timesofisrael.com/despite-constitutional-concerns-knesset-passes-law-on-deporting-terrorists-relatives/

4Adalah — On the law allowing prison sentences for children ages 12 to 14adalah.org/en/content/view/11187

5Haaretz — Israel sharply expands solitary confinement for Palestinian inmates, data shows · May 14, 2026haaretz.com/israel-news/israel-security/2026-05-14/ty-article/.premium/israel-sharply-expands-solitary-confinement-for-palestinian-inmates-data-shows/0000019e-2517-d336-a9be-255762640000

5The New Arab — Nadda Osman on solitary confinement of Palestinian children · May 15, 2026newarab.com/news/israel-using-solitary-confinement-against-palestinian-children

5Middle East Eye — Solitary confinement figures obtained by Physicians for Human Rights–Israel · May 14, 2026middleeasteye.net/news/israel-increasing-use-solitary-confinement-palestinians-including-minors

6Commission of Detainees’ Affairs, via WAFA (English) — Damon prison: 87 women prisoners, one hour a day outside the cells · June 23, 2026english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/171948

6Commission of Detainees’ Affairs, via Palestine TV — The same statement (in Arabic) · June 23, 2026pbc.ps/5754-7/

6Commission of Detainees’ Affairs, via Raya — The same statement (in Arabic) · June 23, 2026raya.ps/news/1219806.html

6Palestinian prisoners’ organizations, via Addameer — Prisoner numbers: 88 women prisoners, 35 of them mothers (in Arabic) · Sept. 20, 2026addameer.ps/ar/news/5750

6Addameer — Bushra al-Tawil moved to isolation in Beersheba (in Arabic) · Oct. 7, 2026addameer.ps/ar/news/5765

6Palestinian prisoners’ organizations, via An-Najah News — 91 women prisoners in early October (in Arabic) · Oct. 6, 2026nn.najah.edu/news/Palestine/2026/10/06/570856/

7Commission of Detainees’ Affairs, via WAFA (English) — 18 prisoners with chronic illnesses held permanently in the Ramla clinic · July 21, 2025english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/159442

7Commission of Detainees’ Affairs, via Al-Quds — The same statement (in Hebrew) · July 21, 2025alquds.com/he/posts/167007

6Part 6The law: detention, trial and the death penalty

1B’Tselem — “Living Hell,” testimony of Ibrahim Fuda, taken by Muhammad Sabah on Oct. 9, 2025 (in Arabic) · January 2026btselem.org/arabic/publications/202601_living_hell/testimony_of_ibrahim_fuda

1B’Tselem — “Living Hell,” testimony of Ibrahim Fuda · January 2026btselem.org/publications/202601_living_hell/testimony_of_ibrahim_fuda

1B’Tselem — “Living Hell” (Arabic report, PDF) · January 2026btselem.org/sites/default/files/publications/202601_living_hell_arb.pdf

2TIME, citing HaMoked — Government figures for November 2023 · Nov. 23, 2023time.com/6339277/palestinian-prisoners-israel-hamas-hostage-deal/

2The Jerusalem Post, citing HaMoked — 11,040 prisoners, 2,662 of them held as unlawful combatants · Sept. 1, 2025jpost.com/israel-news/article-866007

2HaMoked (Israel Prison Service figures) — 9,265 “Security” Inmates Are Held In Prisons Inside Israel · October 2026hamoked.org/prisoners-charts.php

2Ha-Makom — 1,287 held under the law at the end of December 2025 (in Hebrew) · Jan. 8, 2026ha-makom.co.il/41-labachim/

2The Palestinian prisoners’ organizations, via Addameer — The latest available figure, 1,419 (in Arabic) · Oct. 6, 2026addameer.ps/news/5763

3MivzakLive — The Knesset passes the amendment as a temporary order for four months (in Hebrew) · Dec. 18, 2023mivzaklive.co.il/archives/756567

3Israel Democracy Institute — The Incarceration of Unlawful Combatants Law, Amendment No. 4 and temporary order (in Hebrew)idi.org.il/articles/51126

3The Jerusalem Post — Six extensions, the latest through March 31, 2026 · Jan. 15, 2026jpost.com/israel-news/article-883480

3Ha-Makom — The temporary order changed and extended four times (in Hebrew) · March 18, 2026ha-makom.co.il/ips-syrians-data/

3The Jerusalem Post (Anna Barsky) — The declaration extended through Nov. 30, 2026 · Oct. 2, 2026jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-910398

3The Jerusalem Post — The High Court’s conditional order of June 17, 2026 · June 18, 2026jpost.com/israel-news/article-899877

3Public Committee Against Torture in Israel — Israeli Supreme Court orders State to justify amendments to law holding Gaza residents without charge · June 18, 2026stoptorture.org.il/en/press-release-israeli-supreme-court-orders-state-to-justify-amendments-to-law-holding-gaza-residents-without-charge/

4The Jerusalem Post — The regular law and the Sixth Amendment’s timeframes · Jan. 15, 2026jpost.com/israel-news/article-883480

4The Jerusalem Post — Up to 40 days before a judge, 30 for a child · June 18, 2026jpost.com/israel-news/article-899877

4The Jerusalem Post (Anna Barsky) — The amendment in effect since July 1, 2026 · Oct. 2, 2026jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-910398

4Government of Israel — Government meeting agenda, with the draft Sixth Amendment (in Hebrew) · Dec. 11, 2025gov.il/BlobFolder/reports/seder-gov111225/he/seder-n1542.pdf

5B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of Firas Hassan, taken by Basel al-Adra on April 24, 2024 (in Arabic) · August 2024btselem.org/arabic/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell/testimony_of_firas_hassan

5B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of Firas Hassan · August 2024btselem.org/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell/testimony_of_firas_hassan

5Reuters via The Times of Israel — The Israel Prison Service’s response to B’Tselem’s report · Aug. 6, 2024timesofisrael.com/btselem-alleges-israeli-policy-of-abuse-torture-of-palestinian-prisoners/

5Reuters via Business Day — Israeli rights group says Palestinian prisoners subject to systematic abuse · Aug. 6, 2024businessday.co.za/bd/world/middle-east/2024-08-06-israeli-rights-group-says-palestinian-prisoners-subject-to-systematic-abuse/

6Association for Civil Rights in Israel — Petition against video hearings for “security” prisoners (in Hebrew) · July 2, 2026acri.org.il/post/_1373

6B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of Z.A. (in Arabic) · August 2024btselem.org/arabic/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell/testimony_of_z_a

6B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of Muhammad Salah (in Arabic) · August 2024btselem.org/arabic/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell/testimony_of_muhammad_salah

6B’Tselem — “Living Hell,” testimony of Muhammad Khader, taken Nov. 12, 2025 (in Arabic) · January 2026btselem.org/arabic/publications/202601_living_hell/testimony_of_muhammad_khader

7Kan, Israel’s public broadcaster — 62 voted in favor: the Knesset approves the death penalty law for terrorists (in Hebrew) · March 30, 2026kan.org.il/content/kan-news/politic/1021038/

7The Times of Israel — The Knesset passes the death penalty law · March 31, 2026timesofisrael.com/knesset-passes-death-penalty-law-for-palestinians-convicted-of-deadly-acts-of-terror/

7, 8Association for Civil Rights in Israel — The Death Penalty Law: Q&A · March 30, 2026english.acri.org.il/post/the-death-penalty-bill-q-a

8The Times of Israel — The death penalty law comes into effect in the West Bank · May 17, 2026timesofisrael.com/death-penalty-law-for-palestinian-terrorists-comes-into-effect-in-west-bank/

8The Times of Israel — The civilian-court track · March 31, 2026timesofisrael.com/knesset-passes-death-penalty-law-for-palestinians-convicted-of-deadly-acts-of-terror/

9The Times of Israel — Knesset passes law establishing military tribunal to try October 7 perpetrators · May 12, 2026timesofisrael.com/knesset-passes-law-establishing-military-tribunal-to-try-october-7-perpetrators/

9The Times of Israel, live blog — The vote on May 11 · May 11, 2026timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/knesset-passes-law-establishing-military-tribunal-to-try-oct-7-perpetrators/

9Al Jazeera — The 93-0 vote in the 120-seat Knesset · May 12, 2026aljazeera.com/news/2026/5/12/israel-approves-law-on-public-trials-death-penalty-for-october-7-detainees

9The Times of Israel — Rothman pushes for the first indictments next year as the process faces delays · Oct. 7, 2026timesofisrael.com/mk-rothman-pushes-to-indict-oct-7-perpetrators-next-year-but-process-faces-delays/

9The Algemeiner — Three years on, legal proceedings drag on · Oct. 8, 2026algemeiner.com/2026/10/08/three-years-oct-7-massacre-pressure-mounts-bring-suspects-justice-legal-proceedings-drag-on/

10Ynet (Netael Bandel) — The petitions against the death penalty law (in Hebrew) · Sept. 20, 2026ynet.co.il/news/article/hkmixl6kme

10The Times of Israel — Nobody executed under the law yet · Sept. 28, 2026timesofisrael.com/i-want-to-kill-you-ben-gvir-films-himself-berating-terrorist-behind-deadly-1996-bus-bombings/

10The Times of Israel — Ben Gvir announces ground broken on a gallows · Aug. 20, 2026timesofisrael.com/ben-gvir-announces-ground-broken-on-gallows-where-terrorists-will-be-executed/

10Association for Civil Rights in Israel — The petition page (in Hebrew) · June 1, 2026acri.org.il/post/_1352

7Part 7Sexual violence against Palestinian detainees

1Palestinian prisoners’ organizations — Three Years of Genocide: Dangerous and Ongoing Transformations in the Prisoners’ Issue Amid Occupation’s Ongoing Crime of Genocide · Oct. 6, 2026ppsmo.ps/home/studies/18507

1Palestinian prisoners’ organizations — The same paper (in Arabic) · Oct. 6, 2026ppsmo.ps/home/studies/18506

1U.N. Independent International Commission of Inquiry, via the U.N. human rights office (OHCHR) — “More than a human can bear”: Israel’s systematic use of sexual, reproductive and other forms of gender-based violence since October 2023 (press release on report A/HRC/58/CRP.6) · March 13, 2025ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/03/more-human-can-bear-israels-systematic-use-sexual-reproductive-and-other

2B’Tselem — “Living Hell,” testimony of Tamer Qarmut (recorded Nov. 8, 2025) · January 2026btselem.org/publications/202601_living_hell/testimony_of_tamer_qarmut

3B’Tselem — “Living Hell,” testimony of Tamer Qarmut: the medical exam · January 2026btselem.org/publications/202601_living_hell/testimony_of_tamer_qarmut

4B’Tselem — “Living Hell,” testimony of Sami a-Sa’i (recorded July 22, 2025) · January 2026btselem.org/publications/202601_living_hell/testimony_of_sami_a_sai

4Committee to Protect Journalists — On the administrative detention of journalist Sami a-Sa’i · Dec. 16, 2025No link available

5B’Tselem — “Living Hell,” testimony of Muhammad Khader (recorded Nov. 12, 2025) · January 2026btselem.org/publications/202601_living_hell/testimony_of_muhammad_khader

6Lawfare (Yuval Shany and Amichai Cohen) — End of the Sde Teiman Abuse Case: The IDF MAG Withdraws Indictments · April 2, 2026lawfaremedia.org/article/end-of-the-sde-teiman-abuse-case--the-idf-mag-withdraws-indictments

7Lawfare — The same article: the indictment and its withdrawal · April 2, 2026lawfaremedia.org/article/end-of-the-sde-teiman-abuse-case--the-idf-mag-withdraws-indictments

7U.N. secretary-general — Conflict-related sexual violence: report of the secretary-general, S/2026/321 (paragraph 36) · April 21, 2026un.org/unispal/document/conflict-related-sexual-violence-report-of-the-secretary-general-s-2026-321/

7The Times of Israel — IDF top lawyer cancels charges against troops accused of abusing Palestinian detainee · March 12, 2026timesofisrael.com/idf-top-lawyer-nixes-charges-against-troops-accused-of-abusing-palestinian-detainee/

7Army Radio via JNS — Former suspects in Sde Teiman affair reinstated as reservists · April 16, 2026clevelandjewishnews.com/jns/former-suspects-in-sde-teiman-affair-reinstated-as-reservists/article_94c22ed3-7ebb-591c-be33-f1e2842efaae.html

8U.N. secretary-general — Report S/2026/321 (paragraph 35) · April 21, 2026 (released in May 2026)un.org/unispal/document/conflict-related-sexual-violence-report-of-the-secretary-general-s-2026-321/

8The Associated Press (Farnoush Amiri and Edith Lederer) — Israeli and Russian forces added to UN blacklist for sexual violence in conflict zones · May 28, 2026clickorlando.com/news/world/2026/05/28/israeli-and-russian-forces-added-to-un-blacklist-for-sexual-violence-in-conflict-zones/

8The Associated Press (Edith Lederer) — Israel rejects UN allegations that its forces have sexually abused detained Palestinians · Aug. 12, 2025ksat.com/news/world/2025/08/12/israel-rejects-un-allegations-that-its-forces-have-sexually-abused-detained-palestinians/

9Israeli Prime Minister’s Office — Statement on the commission of inquiry’s report (as posted by GlobalSecurity.org) · March 13, 2025globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2025/03/mil-250313-israel-pm01.htm

9The Associated Press — Danon’s response to the secretary-general’s letter · Aug. 12, 2025ksat.com/news/world/2025/08/12/israel-rejects-un-allegations-that-its-forces-have-sexually-abused-detained-palestinians/

9The Associated Press — Responses by Danon and Israel’s Foreign Ministry to the blacklisting · May 28, 2026clickorlando.com/news/world/2026/05/28/israeli-and-russian-forces-added-to-un-blacklist-for-sexual-violence-in-conflict-zones/

8Part 8Deaths in Israeli custody, and accountability

1The Associated Press (Julia Frankel) — Judge Ehud Kaplan’s decision in the Walid Ahmad case · March 25, 2026apnews.com/article/palestinians-israel-prison-abuse-west-bank-1889d1a11da9851a1940671ba0de4963

1The Commission of Detainees’ Affairs and the Palestinian Prisoners’ Society, via WAFA — Child detainee Walid Khalid Abdullah Ahmad dies in Megiddo prison (in Arabic) · March 24, 2025wafa.ps/Pages/Details/117591

2The Commission of Detainees’ Affairs and the Palestinian Prisoners’ Society, via WAFA — Israeli court closes the investigation into the death of child detainee Walid Ahmad in Megiddo (in Arabic) · Dec. 17, 2025wafa.ps/Pages/Details/137952

2The Associated Press (Sam Mednick) — Palestinian teenager who died in Israeli prison showed signs of starvation, medical report says · April 6, 2025click2houston.com/news/world/2025/04/06/palestinian-teenager-who-died-in-israeli-prison-showed-signs-of-starvation-medical-report-says/

2The Associated Press — The judge’s decision, and the doctor’s account of the autopsy · March 25, 2026apnews.com/article/palestinians-israel-prison-abuse-west-bank-1889d1a11da9851a1940671ba0de4963

3, 4Palestinian prisoners’ organizations — Three Years of Genocide (in Arabic) · Oct. 6, 2026ppsmo.ps/home/studies/18506

3Palestinian prisoners’ organizations — Three Years of Genocide (English edition) · Oct. 6, 2026ppsmo.ps/home/studies/18507

3The Palestinian Prisoners’ Society, via WAFA — 92 prisoners, 53 of them from Gaza; 100 bodies withheld, 89 of them since the war began · Sept. 17, 2026english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/174844

3+972 Magazine — At least 98 Palestinians have died in Israeli custody; Amani Sarahneh on 237 deaths from 1967 to October 2023 · Nov. 17, 2025972mag.com/98-palestinian-deaths-israeli-custody-prison-torture/

4The Associated Press — Walid Ahmad’s father on his son’s withheld body · March 25, 2026apnews.com/article/palestinians-israel-prison-abuse-west-bank-1889d1a11da9851a1940671ba0de4963

5+972 Magazine, from Physicians for Human Rights–Israel data — 98 Palestinian deaths in Israeli custody · Nov. 17, 2025972mag.com/98-palestinian-deaths-israeli-custody-prison-torture/

5HaMoked — Sde Teiman and High Court petition 4268/24 (in Hebrew) · Sept. 19, 2024hamoked.org.il/document.php?dID=Updates2418

6Haaretz (Bar Peleg) — 57 criminal investigations into detainee deaths, no indictment (in Hebrew, for subscribers) · July 17, 2026haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2026-07-17/ty-article/.premium/0000019f-6a19-d4ae-a3df-ef5df0f00000

6+972 Magazine — The Israeli army’s response · Nov. 17, 2025972mag.com/98-palestinian-deaths-israeli-custody-prison-torture/

7Ha-Makom — Complaints and indictments against prison guards, from the investigating unit’s figures (in Hebrew) · Sept. 2, 2026ha-makom.co.il/ktziot-prison-guards-indictment/

7Israel’s State Attorney’s Office (its Telegram channel) — Statement on the indictment in the Thaer Abu Asab case (in Hebrew) · Sept. 1, 2026t.me/s/justiceil/3129

8Ynet (Ilana Curiel) — Indictment against 12 Prison Service staff in the Thaer Abu Asab case (in Hebrew) · Sept. 1, 2026ynet.co.il/news/article/s1niqseuzg

8Israel’s Channel 13 — Responses from lawyers for some of the defendants (in Hebrew) · Sept. 23, 202613tv.co.il/item/news/politics/security/ryw94-905367075/

8The Times of Israel — 12 prison guards indicted on charge of reckless homicide after Palestinian detainee beaten to death · Sept. 1, 2026timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/12-prison-guards-indicted-on-charge-of-reckless-homicide-after-palestinian-detainee-beaten-to-death/

8Euronews Arabic — Indictments filed with the Beersheba District Court (in Arabic) · Sept. 2, 2026arabic.euronews.com/2026/09/02/thair-abu-asab-israel-prison-service-negev-prison-jerusalem-post-indictments-beersheb

8Mako — The two further charges in the Thaer Abu Asab indictment (in Hebrew) · Sept. 1, 2026No link available

9Part 9Families and the Red Cross

1B’Tselem — “Living Hell,” testimony of W.B. (taken April 15, 2025) · January 2026btselem.org/publications/202601_living_hell/w_b

2HaMoked — HaMoked to the HCJ: allow families from the West Bank to visit their loved ones in Israeli prisons · Jan. 16, 2026, updated sincehamoked.org/document.php?dID=Updates2522

2The Times of Israel — Rights groups petition High Court to resume family visits to Palestinian prisoners after 2 years · Nov. 25, 2025timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/rights-groups-petition-high-court-to-resume-family-visits-to-palestinian-prisoners-after-2-years/

2Palestinian Prisoners’ Society, via PNN — Ben Gvir renews the ban on family visits (in Arabic) · Aug. 7, 2026pnn.ps/news/726394

2Palestinian Prisoners’ Society, via WAFA — Renewal of ban on family visits enables Israeli prison system to continue crimes against detainees · Aug. 7, 2026english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/173347

3B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of Sami Khalili (taken March 29, 2024) · August 2024btselem.org/publications/202408_welcome_to_hell/testimony_of_sami_khalili

3B’Tselem — “Welcome to Hell,” testimony of Musa ’Aasi · August 2024No link available

4HaMoked — The first petition, rejected Nov. 25, 2025, and the second, filed July 26, 2026 (in Hebrew) · 2026hamoked.org.il/document.php?dID=Updates2522

5Israel Hayom — Israel Katz’s order barring Red Cross visits (in Hebrew) · Oct. 29, 2025israelhayom.co.il/news/defense/article/19125777

5Ynet — The order signed, and its reach to “unlawful combatants” (in Hebrew) · Oct. 29, 2025ynet.co.il/news/article/hyg88dy1bl

5, 6Ha-Makom — Israel’s High Court ruling on Red Cross visits (in Hebrew) · June 4, 2026ha-makom.co.il/icrc-prison-visits-ruling/

6Haaretz — High Court: the government’s policy barring Red Cross visits is unlawful (in Hebrew) · June 3, 2026No link available

6Association for Civil Rights in Israel — The Supreme Court Rules: Red Cross Visits Must Resume · June 3, 2026english.acri.org.il/post/the-supreme-court-rules-red-cross-visits-must-resume

6International Committee of the Red Cross — ICRC team meets authorities at Israeli military detention facility as part of efforts to reinstate access · Sept. 9, 2026icrc.org/en/news-release/icrc-team-meets-authorities-israeli-military-detention-facility-efforts-reinstate-access

10Part 10A ruling not enforced

1Ha-Makom — Israel’s High Court ruling on Red Cross visits (in Hebrew) · June 4, 2026ha-makom.co.il/icrc-prison-visits-ruling/

1Haaretz — The government tells the High Court it will allow Red Cross visits without meetings with the prisoners (in Hebrew) · May 8, 2026haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2026-05-08/ty-article/.premium/0000019e-065f-d995-a1be-1effcfe00000

1Association for Civil Rights in Israel — The Supreme Court Rules: Red Cross Visits Must Resume · June 3, 2026english.acri.org.il/post/the-supreme-court-rules-red-cross-visits-must-resume

2Ha-Makom — On the ruling: about 25 requests to postpone, and a conditional order in August 2024 (in Hebrew) · June 4, 2026ha-makom.co.il/icrc-prison-visits-ruling/

2Association for Civil Rights in Israel — The hearing date: Oct. 29, 2025 · 2026No link available

3B’Tselem — “Living Hell,” testimony of Haitham Salem, taken Oct. 31, 2025 · January 2026btselem.org/publications/202601_living_hell/testimony_of_haitham_salem

4Haaretz — Bill to bar Red Cross delegates fails at first reading (in Hebrew) · June 29, 2026No link available

4Middle East Eye — Israel blocks Red Cross access to Palestinian prisoners despite court ruling · July 13, 2026middleeasteye.net/news/israel-blocks-red-cross-access-palestinian-prisoners-despite-court-ruling

4Haaretz — Prison Service Commissioner Kobi Yaakobi’s rules for Red Cross visits (in Hebrew) · July 12, 2026haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2026-07-12/ty-article/.premium/0000019f-4ba6-d6c0-a9df-dfbf63500000

4, 6The Times of Israel — High Court gives government 2 weeks to specify terms for Red Cross visits to detainees · Sept. 28, 2026timesofisrael.com/high-court-gives-government-2-weeks-to-specify-terms-for-red-cross-visits-to-detainees/

5International Committee of the Red Cross — ICRC team meets authorities at Israeli military detention facility as part of efforts to reinstate access · Sept. 9, 2026icrc.org/en/news-release/icrc-team-meets-authorities-israeli-military-detention-facility-efforts-reinstate-access

5The National — Interview with the president of the International Committee of the Red Cross · Sept. 25, 2026No link available

6Haaretz — Four rights groups ask the High Court to enforce the June 3 ruling (in Hebrew) · Sept. 17, 2026No link available

6Haaretz — Israel’s High Court: the government is not complying with the Red Cross visits ruling (in Hebrew) · Sept. 27, 2026haaretz.co.il/news/law/2026-09-27/ty-article/.premium/000001a0-e303-dfbb-afa4-f35357ff0000